1 Timothy 2:4 (God desires all to be saved), John 3:16 (whosoever)
Grace Available To All.
Grace availability is ontological, not informational. The χ-field couples to all conscious beings regardless of propositional knowledge. "General revelation" (Romans 1:19-20) provides the coupling interface. The unevangelized lack explicit Gospel content but not grace-coupling potential. The grace operator Ĝ can act through any voluntary response to the χ-field—conscience, creation-awareness, moral yearning. The information channel varies; the coupling potential is universal.
[[080_P9.5_Grace-Available-To-All|P9.5]] addresses grace AVAILABILITY, not grace EFFICACY. Even in Calvinistic frameworks, there's "common grace" available to all and "effectual calling" for the elect. The debate is whether grace is irresistible for some, not whether it's available to all. [[080_P9.5_Grace-Available-To-All|P9.5]] is compatible with Arminianism (resistible grace available to all), classical Reformed (sincere offer to all, effectual for elect), and Molinist views. What [[080_P9.5_Grace-Available-To-All|P9.5]] excludes is "double predestination to damnation without any grace offer"—a position most Reformed theologians also reject.
Consciousness (Φ > 0) is the criterion, not cognitive sophistication. Infants and the impaired have Φ > 0. Their coupling modality differs from adult propositional faith but isn't absent. The Church has historically recognized this: infant baptism, the "age of accountability," trust in divine mercy for those who cannot respond propositionally. [[080_P9.5_Grace-Available-To-All|P9.5]] says grace is AVAILABLE; the mode of response may vary. For those who die before capable response, grace availability meets the criterion—God judges based on the heart's orientation, not cognitive performance.
Availability ≠ reception. Grace is freely offered (available) but must be freely received (voluntary coupling). "Cheap grace" would be automatic salvation without response. [[080_P9.5_Grace-Available-To-All|P9.5]] preserves the need for faith ([[065_BC8_Voluntary-Coupling|BC8]]) while ensuring no one is excluded from the offer. The theological term is "prevenient grace"—grace that goes before, enabling response, but not forcing it. Universal availability + voluntary reception = neither cheap grace nor limited atonement.
Hardening is a consequence of repeated rejection, not initial unavailability. The Hebrew text shows Pharaoh hardened his own heart first (Exodus 8:15, 32); God's hardening came later as judicial confirmation of Pharaoh's choice. Grace was available; Pharaoh refused; eventually the refusal became fixed. This is the -1 attractor dynamics: repeated rejection deepens the potential well, making escape harder. But initial availability was present. [[080_P9.5_Grace-Available-To-All|P9.5]] addresses the a priori availability, not the consequences of persistent rejection.
Analogy to known physics:
Every charged particle couples to the electromagnetic field. There's no charge without EM coupling.
Grace coupling analogy:
Every conscious soul couples to the χ-field. There's no consciousness without χ-field coupling.
The coupling constant κ is non-zero for all Ψ_S with Φ > 0.
Property ([[080_P9.5_Grace-Available-To-All|P9.5]]): For all souls Ψ_S in the moral Hilbert space H_moral:
| Domain | Mapping |
|---|---|
| Physics | Universal field coupling potential |
| Theology | Prevenient grace, universal atonement |
| Consciousness | All conscious beings can respond |
| Quantum | Non-zero transition amplitude for all states |
| Scripture | 1 Timothy 2:4 (God desires all to be saved), John 3:16 (whosoever) |
| Evidence | Cross-cultural conversion phenomena |
| Information | χ-field permeates all information structures |
Bridge Count: 7